facts about assam
ASSAM
Complete State Profile (2026) – UPSC | SSC | Judiciary | State PCS | Banking
- State Name: Assam
- Formation: 26 January 1950
- Capital: Dispur
- Largest City: Guwahati
- Official Language: Assamese
- Additional Official Languages (in specified areas): Bodo and Bengali
- State Day: 2 December (Asom Divas / Sukapha Divas)
2. State Symbols
- State Animal: One-horned Indian Rhinoceros
- State Bird: White-winged Wood Duck
- State Tree: Hollong
- State Flower: Foxtail Orchid
3. Geography
- Area: 78,438 sq. km
- Population (2011 Census): 3.12 Crore
- Literacy Rate: 72.19%
Borders
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Nagaland
- Manipur
- Mizoram
- Tripura
- Meghalaya
- West Bengal
- Bhutan
- Bangladesh
Assam is known as the Gateway to North-East India.
4. Major Rivers
- Brahmaputra
- Barak
- Subansiri
- Manas
- Dhansiri
- Kopili
- Jia Bharali
5. Important Cities
- Guwahati
- Dispur
- Dibrugarh
- Jorhat
- Silchar
- Tezpur
- Nagaon
6. Constitutional & Political Setup (2026)
- Governor: Lakshman Prasad Acharya
- Chief Minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma
7. Important Cabinet Ministers (Major Portfolios)
| Portfolio | Minister |
|---|---|
| Chief Minister | Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Finance | Ajanta Neog |
| Agriculture | Atul Bora |
| Health | Ashok Singhal |
| Education | Ranoj Pegu |
8. Legislature
- Lok Sabha Seats: 14
- Rajya Sabha Seats: 7
- Legislative Assembly: 126 Seats
- Legislative Council: None
9. High Court
- Gauhati High Court
- Seat: Guwahati
10. Economy
Major sectors:
- Tea Industry
- Petroleum & Natural Gas
- Agriculture
- Silk Production
- Tourism
- Handloom
- Bamboo Industry
Major crops:
- Tea
- Rice
- Mustard
- Jute
- Sugarcane
11. National Parks
- Kaziranga National Park (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
- Manas National Park (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
- Orang National Park
- Nameri National Park
- Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
- Dehing Patkai National Park
12. Ancient Dynasties
Kamarupa Kingdom
- One of the earliest kingdoms of North-East India.
- Capital shifted between Pragjyotishpura and other centres.
Varman Dynasty
- Founder: Pushyavarman
- Promoted Hinduism and learning.
Mlechchha Dynasty
- Ruled after the Varmans.
Pala Dynasty (of Kamarupa)
- Last major dynasty of ancient Kamarupa.
Ahom Dynasty
- Founded by Sukaphaa in 1228.
- Ruled Assam for nearly 600 years.
- Successfully resisted repeated Mughal invasions.
13. Freedom Fighters & Historical Personalities
- Lachit Borphukan
- Gopinath Bordoloi
- Kanaklata Barua
- Bhupen Hazarika
- Sankardev
14. Tourist Attractions
- Kamakhya Temple
- Kaziranga National Park
- Majuli
- Manas National Park
- Sivasagar
15. Famous For
- One-horned Indian Rhinoceros
- World's finest Assam Tea
- Kaziranga National Park
- Kamakhya Temple
- Majuli – One of the world's largest inhabited river islands
- Bihu Festival
- Brahmaputra River
- Ahom Kingdom
- Silk (especially Muga Silk)
- Bamboo and Cane Handicrafts
- Petroleum and Natural Gas
- Tea Gardens
- Sattriya Classical Dance
- Rich Biodiversity
- UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- River Dolphins
- Traditional Satras (Vaishnavite monasteries)
16. Lesser-Known Facts
- Assam is the largest tea-producing state in India.
- It is the only place in the world that naturally produces Muga Silk.
- Kaziranga National Park has the world's largest population of the one-horned rhinoceros.
- Majuli is one of the world's largest inhabited river islands.
- The Battle of Saraighat (1671), led by Lachit Borphukan, is celebrated as one of India's greatest defensive victories.
- Assam is one of India's oldest oil-producing regions, with the historic Digboi oil field.
- The Brahmaputra is one of the few major rivers in India with a masculine grammatical gender in several Indian languages.
17. Important Historical Timeline
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1228 | Ahom Kingdom established |
| 1671 | Battle of Saraighat |
| 1826 | Treaty of Yandabo; British rule began |
| 1950 | Became a state of the Indian Union |
18. One-Liner Facts for Competitive Exams
- Capital: Dispur
- Largest City: Guwahati
- State Animal: One-horned Indian Rhinoceros
- State Bird: White-winged Wood Duck
- State Flower: Foxtail Orchid
- State Tree: Hollong
- Largest River: Brahmaputra
- Classical Dance: Sattriya
- Lok Sabha Seats: 14
- Rajya Sabha Seats: 7
- Legislative Assembly: 126 Members
- Governor (2026): Lakshman Prasad Acharya
- Chief Minister (2026): Himanta Biswa Sarma
- Famous Festival: Bihu
- Famous Tea: Assam Tea
- UNESCO Sites: Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park
- Unique Product: Muga Silk
- Gateway to North-East India: Assam
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